Outdoor Turkey, as it is actually booked on this page, has three centres of gravity. Cappadocia comes first: soft tuff valleys crossed by balloons before dawn, then covered again at ground level — horseback at sunset, electric bikes for a couple of hours, quad bikes and the red and green route loops out of Göreme. The Taurus range behind Antalya is second, with rafting on the Köprülü and Tazı canyons from April to November, buggy and zipline days packaged out of Belek, Side and Kemer, boat days on the Green Canyon reservoir above Manavgat, and the long crossing to Suluada island from Adrasan. Water is third: Kekova, where a Lycian town slid under the surface close to shore and sea kayaks now pass above it, and slow coastal days out of Bodrum.

From Istanbul the countryside starts an hour out. Ferries reach Büyükada in the Princes' Islands, where bicycles replace cars under the pines. Sapanca and Maşukiye pair a lake with wooded slopes and trout restaurants along the streams. Bursa adds the Uludağ cable car, with snow in winter and cool air over a plain laid out below in summer. Pamukkale sits apart: white travertine terraces, a sunrise balloon above them, Lake Salda with its pale shore, and lavender fields flowering through June and July.

Practical notes. Balloons fly at first light and stand down in wind, so allow two mornings in Cappadocia rather than one. Rafting and buggy operators run from April to November, and the Köprülü water stays cold in August. Boat days from Adrasan and Bodrum are full days with lunch aboard. Uludağ asks for winter clothing, the Cappadocian valleys for closed shoes, and the boat days for clothes you do not mind soaking.