Sightseeing in Cappadocia works differently from most places: the sights are not buildings put up on the landscape but the landscape itself, hollowed out. The Göreme Open Air Museum is the obvious first stop — a monastic settlement carved into the tuff, where the Dark Church still holds twelfth-century frescoes that survived because soot protected them for centuries. Half a day covers it comfortably, and a guide is worth it here: without one, the chapels blur together.

From there the sightseeing tours in Cappadocia usually fan out to Uçhisar Castle, the highest point in the region and a natural rock fortress riddled with rooms, and to Paşabağ, where the fairy chimneys grow twin and triple caps. Devrent Valley has no churches and no monuments at all, just eroded shapes that everyone reads differently. Avanos, on the Kızılırmak river, has been making pottery from red clay since Hittite times, and workshops still throw on kick wheels you operate with your own foot.

The underground cities belong on any sightseeing itinerary in Cappadocia. Derinkuyu drops eight levels and could shelter thousands with their livestock; Kaymaklı is shallower but denser. Both are cool year-round and tight in places, which is worth knowing in advance. Most guided tours split the region into a northern and a southern route, and doing one of each over two days covers the essentials without turning the trip into a march.